（1.西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院，四川 成都，610031；2.西南交通大学峨眉校区，四川 峨眉山，614203）摘 要：在拆解补贴政策实施过程中，需要协调WEEE规范回收体系中政府、企业、消费者等各主体之间的利益，推动规范回收行业良性、平稳发展。基于系统动力学构建了WEEE拆解多主体利益协调模型，该模型由WEEE生成子系统、WEEE规范回收率子系统、拆解补贴子系统、企业利润形成子系统和消费者利益子系统等5个子系统构成，并用47个系统动力学方程反映这些子系统之间的相互影响以及子系统内部各变量之间的作用关系。借助该模型，对WEEE拆解行业中常见的企业回收策略变化、市场环境变化、政府主观意愿与客观实力变化、政府WEEE调控策略变化等4种主要情景进行仿真，分析各主体利益之间的动态演化关系。在此基础上，给出了促进WEEE拆解多主体利益协调发展的政策建议。
关键词：逆向供应链；拆解补贴；拆解主体；利益协调；系统动力学模型
中图分类号：F205 文献标识码：A
Research on the Multi-agent Interests CoordinationModel for the WEEE Dismantle and Its Evolution
WU Gang1,CHEN Lan-fang2,ZHANG Yi-bin1,ZHENGBin1
(1.School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031, China;
2.EmeiCampus, Southwest Jiaotong University,Sichuan Emeishan 614202, China)
Abstract: In the process ofthe implementing the subsidies for dismantlement, the interests among allagents in the WEEE recycling system such as the government, enterprises andconsumers need coordinate to promote the virtuousand stabledevelopment of the recovery industry. The multi-agent interests coordinationmodel was constructed based on the system dynamics model, which was consistedof the five subsystem such as the generated subsystem of WEEE, the standardrecovery ratio subsystem, the dismantling subsidies subsystem, the enterpriseprofit formation subsystem and the consumer interests subsystem. Then 47 systemdynamics equations were used to reflect both the interaction between thesesubsystems and the relationship between each variable inside each subsystem.With this model, the four common main scenarios in the WEEE dismantlingindustry which are the changes of the enterprise recovery strategy, the changesof the market conditions, the changes of the subjective wishes and theobjective strength of the government and the changes of the government WEEEregulation policy were simulated to analyze the dynamic evolutionaryrelationships between the interests of each agent. Finally, on this basis, thepolicy recommendations were given to promote the multi-agent interestscoordinated developments of the WEEE dismantle.
Keywords: Reverse Supply Chain; Subsidies for Dismantlement; Agent of Dismantle;Interests Coordination; System Dynamics Model
1引言
废弃电器电子产品（wasteelectronic & electrical equipment，WEEE）回收再利用是逆向供应链的重要内容。但是，WEEE具有资源性和环境危害性的“双重属性”，如果不对其进行回收或者在回收过程中不能得到正确处置都将对环境产生破坏[1]。上世纪90年代，原国有再生资源回收体系解体之后，为抑制非规范回收体系对环境的危害，国家先后在2009年和2012年针对WEEE回收和处理基金征收分别制定了管理办法。根据该办法，政府一方面对WEEE生产者征收基金，另一方面对符合要求的规范拆解企业（以下简称企业）进行拆解补贴。拆解补贴不同于一般的财政补贴[2]。首先，拆解补贴是抑制非规范回收、减弱环境危害的必要条件。其次，由于拆解补贴金额要远大于基金征收金额，拆解补贴政策在财政上是一项净支出，因此政府希望用最低的补贴获得最高的规范回收水平。对企业而言，它们既要面对与规范企业之间的竞争，同时还要面对与非规范拆解企业之间的竞争。而在消费者看来，如果企业支付给他们的回收价格、提供的回收服务水平不能达到预期，非规范回收渠道就会成为他们的最佳选择。尽管消费者都期望拥有良好的环境，但在现实面前却更在意眼前的实际利益[3,4]。因此，合理协调WEEE拆解主体的利益并使之保持动态均衡，对政府科学制定WEEE拆解补贴政策，促进WEEE规范拆解行业平稳有序发展至关重要。