张喜才[1]
（北京物资学院，北京，100149）
摘要：农村商品市场具有特殊性，农村现代流通网络建设是一个系统工程，只有各地融合对接，按经济区域布局，才能充分发挥规模效应和集聚效应，提升流通效率。由于资本的逐利性导致很多企业不愿意或者没有能力进入农村商品流通市场，导致条块分割、按照行政区域建设网络，容易造成重复建设、资源浪费，降低农村商品流通的效率，已建成的农村流通设施的作用也大打折扣。本文提出了建设农村现代市场体系的主要思路包括强化顶层设计，建设乡镇商贸中心，建立税费机制和融资机制等。
关键词：农村；市场体系；消费；连锁
Study on the construction of modern rural market system
Zhang Xicai
(Beijing WUZI Institute, Beijing, 100028; Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872)
Abstract: the rural commodity market has the particularity, the modern circulation network construction in rural areas is a systematic project, only around the fusion butt, according to the regional economic layout, in order to give full play of scale and agglomeration effects, improve circulation efficiency. Because the profit of many enterprises are unwilling or unable to enter the rural commodity circulation market, leading to fragmentation, according to the network construction of administrative region, easy to cause repeated construction and waste of resources, reduce the efficiency of rural commodity circulation, function built rural circulation infrastructure has been damaged. This paper presents the main ideas of modern rural market system construction including strengthening the top-level design, construction of township business center, tax system and financing mechanism.
Keywords: rural market system; consumption; chain
一、我国农村市场体系建设的总体形势
改革开放以来，我国农村市场从消费总量、市场主体结构、流通业态到网点结构都呈现了较好的发展态势，但随着农村市场结构调整的深度和广度不断加大，问题亦相应出现，并凸现加剧态势。2012年我国乡村消费品零售额27849亿元，增长14.5%。农村市场的扩大对促进国民经济快速增长发挥了积极作用。从城乡居民消费绝对额来讲，城乡消费水平绝对额的差距在不断缩小，但城乡之间的消费水平差距仍然在3.24，还是处在一个较高的水平上（见图1）；另一方面，近年来，农村居民消费品价格指数增速较慢，但却高于城镇居民消费价格水平。2012年农村居民消费品价格指数为108.1，但同年城市居民的消费价格指数为107.3（见图2）[2]。