物流业与制造业的产业关联研究——基于投入产出表的比较分析

梁红艳 

摘 要：基于OECD-STAN数据库投入产出数据，本文采用投入产出法与比较分析法，分析了8个典型国家(或地区)1995、2000、2005三个年度的物流业发展水平及其与制造业的产业关联。研究结果表明，发达国家物流业发展平缓，而发展中国家物流业仍处于快速发展阶段，但是发达国家信息业与物流业的融合度明显高于发展中国家。随着经济发展水平与服务业发展水平的提高，第三产业成为物流业的主要服务对象。制造业对物流业的拉动作用大于物流业对制造业的促进作用，物流业对制造业的中间投入率呈上升趋势。从国家或地区层面看，发达国家的制造业物流外包水平及物流业对制造业的中间投入率明显高于发展中国家；从产业层面看，中高技术制造业的物流业中间需求率与物流业中间投入率都不高。

关键词：物流业  制造业  产业关联  投入产出分析

中图分类号:F062·9

Industry RelevancyAnalysis of Logistics and Manufacturing Based on Input-Output Tables

Abstract: Based on Input-Output Tables in OECD Database, this paper usesinput-output approach and comparative analysis method to analyze logisticsdevelopment and industry relevancy of logistics and manufacturing of eighttypical countries or area in 1995, 2000 and 2005. The results show thatlogistics develops gently in developed countries, but it develops rapidly indeveloping countries. However, the convergencedegree of information and logistics in developed countries is higher than thatin developing countries. With the development of economy and services, thetertiary industries become the main consumer for logistics. And the pullingeffect of manufacturing on logistics is stronger than the promoting effect oflogistics on manufacturing. There is an uptrend of the intermediate input oflogistics to manufacturing. From the aspect of country or area ,manufacturing’s logistics outsourcing level and intermediate input rate oflogistics in developed countries are both higher than that in developingcountries. From the aspect of industry, the logistics’ intermediate demand rateand logistics’ intermediate input rate of technology-intensive industries areboth lower than that of other industries.

Keywords: Logistics  Manufacturing  Industry Relevancy  Input-Output Analysis

随着企业竞争的日益加剧和客户需求的多样化，制造业越来越重视服务对其竞争优势的影响。物流服务贯穿于企业的各个环节，为生产链的顺利运转提供了保障，已成为提升制造业生产率及竞争力的重要战略资源。制造业与物流业有机融合、联动发展有利于优化产业结构，促进经济发展方式转变。新形势下，归纳制造业与物流业联动特征，探索在不同的地区及不同的经济发展水平下制造业与物流业的互动关系与发展态势对把握我国物流业的发展水平、制造业与物流业联动发展的实际状况以及有效推动二者的联动发展具有重要的意义。